Atoms
Atoms - Small particles that make up matter. Atoms are made up of protons, electrons and neutrons.
Protons - Make up the most weight of the atom, is located inside the nucleus and has a positive charge. Electrons - Small particle that has a negative charge of electricity and travels around the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons - Are found in the nucleus and has no charge. Elements - Consist of only one kind of atom and cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. Molecules - A molecule consists of 2 or more atoms of the same element or different elements that are chemically bound together. |
Periodic Table
Matter
Solid - In a solid, the particles fit very closely together. They are repeatedly vibrating and twisting but they do not move past their neighbor particles because the particles are very close to each other. They attract their neighboring particles. This is why solids keep their own shape and to stay where they are put. They are very difficult to compress. They have very small gaps in between the particles.
Liquid - In a liquid, the particles are still close together but a little further apart in comparison to a solid. The particles can move around and mix with other particles. Therefore, liquids can change shape to according to their container. There is still very little space between particles. Gas - In gases, the particles are much further apart in comparison to both solids and liquids. There is a lot of space in between the particles and they keep moving about. The particles collide with other particles and with the walls of the container. Because the particles can move easily, a gas will fill any container that is put into. There is space between the particles. They can be compressed into a smaller volume when the gas is compressed. liquids are difficult to compress. Plasma - Plasma is created by adding energy to a gas so that some of its electrons leave its atoms. This is called ionization. It results in negatively charged electrons, and positively charged ions. Unlike the other states of matter, the charged particles in a plasma will react strongly to electric and magnetic fields (i.e. electromagnetic fields). If a plasma loses heat, the ions will re-form into a gas, emitting the energy which had caused them to ionize |